What part of the circuit board


Are you interested in understanding how your electronic device works? Fortunately, you have come to the right place! In this article, we will explore the world of circuit boards, which is the basis for modern electronics. We will also check various components consisting of printed circuit boards.

By familiarizing yourself with the parts of the circuit board, you will get deeper appreciation for the devices that we rely on in everyday life. Join us on this interesting journey when we reveal the secrets of the ins and outs of the circuit board. In the end, you will be able to understand circuit boards such as professional printed circuit board producers.

Resistor

Resistor is an important component in the circuit board because they control the flow of electric current by providing resistance. Their main goal is to protect electronic devices that are sensitive from damage caused by excessive voltage or current while affecting specific electrical characteristics in the circuit.

There are various types of resistors available, each with different quality and goals:

  1. Permanent resistor: This resistor has a specified resistance value that cannot be adjusted. Their construction materials can then be categorized into carbon films, metal films, wire bastards, and thick film chip resistors.
  2. Potentiometer: Also known as a variable or resistor that can be adjusted, the potentiometer allows the user to change the resistance value as needed manually. This feature makes it ideal for applications such as volume control or tuning circuit.
  3. Thermistor: This resistive device is sensitive to changes in temperature, causing their resistance values ​​to vary accordingly. Thermistors are generally used in temperature sensing systems and control such as thermostats or automotive engine management systems.

Capacitor

Capacitor

Capacitors are vital components on the circuit board, store and release electrical energy as needed. Capacitors of smooth voltage fluctuations, filter signals, and provide temporary power during interference. They also have unique properties for certain purposes such as signal clutch or time in the oscillator.

Capacitors come in various types, sizes, and capacity for various applications. Types of general capacitors include:

  1. Ceramic Capacitors: Small, cost -effective, and suitable for high frequency performance. Often used in RF circuits for noise filtering.
  2. Film capacitor: Offering stability from time to time and temperature variations, making it ideal for precision applications such as audio signal processing and filtering power supply.
  3. Electrolyte Capacitors: Known for high capacitance values ​​and voltage ratings, which are commonly used in power supply circuits to smooth voltage fluctuations.
  4. Tantalum capacitor: Provides excellent stability, low leakage currents, and high capacitance per unit volume. Reliable in applications such as medical equipment, aerospace system, and telecommunications.

Diode

Diode

Diode is an important component on the circuit board, controlling current flow in one direction. The diode is very important to control the current direction and enable functionality such as repair, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and emissions or light detection.

Here are the common types of diode:

  1. Rectifier diode: Conversion of AC to DC by only allowing half a positive cycle to be passed, produces direct current flow.
  2. Zener Diode: Acting as a voltage regulator, maintaining a constant voltage in their terminal despite the varying input voltage. They show controlled damage to a certain zener voltage.
  3. Light transmitter diode (LED): Remove light when the current flows through them, offering energy efficiency and long life. Used for indicator lights and back lights display.
  4. Photodiodes: Detect light and produce electrical signals that are proportional to their intensity. Used in optical communication systems and solar cells.

Transistor

Transistor is an important component on the circuit board that strengthens and changes electronic signals. There are two main types: Bipolar intersection transistors (BJTS) and field effect transistors (FET).

  1. Bipolar intersection transistor: They consist of three semiconductor layers that form two PN intersections. They can be NPN (N-type layer between two layers of type-P) or PNP (type-P layer between two N-type layers). BJT is used for current amplification, allowing small input current to control greater output current.
  2. Field Effect Transistors: This transistor uses an electric field to control the flow of charging carriers. They are devices controlled by voltage with high input impedance. FETS include transistors of the intersection of the intersection field (JFET) and the transistor of the metal-oxide-semiconductor (mosfet) terrain effects.
  3. Junction field effect transistor: They are suitable for resistors or amplifiers controlled by voltage and are available as a type of N-channel and p-channel.
  4. Transistor of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effects: In the configuration of N-Channel and P-Channel, they offer higher input impedance, faster switching speed, and increased efficiency.

Connector

The connector is very important to build a safe and reliable connection between the components on the circuit board. They come in various types and sizes to meet different application requirements, such as:

  1. Header Pin: Used to connect the PCB to an external device or cable, they consist of a row of male pins that mate with a female socket. They are available in different tone sizes.
  2. Socket: This container is used to easily insert and delete the integrated circuit (IC) without soldering to the PCB.
  3. Screw terminal: Ideal for applications that require a strong connection and high current capacity, this connector secures cables using screws.
  4. FPC/FFC connector: Designed for flexible circuits, they allow compact design while maintaining electricity performance.

When choosing a connector, consider factors such as current capacity, voltage rating, mechanical stability, mating cycle frequency, environmental conditions, and size constraints.

Installation hole

The installation hole is very important in modern electronics because they provide physical support for the circuit board and facilitate the attachment and transfer of other components or systems. In addition, they help grounding PCB, reduce electromagnetic disorders.

To ensure the placement and drilling of proper installation holes, designers consider factors such as size, shape, relative location to other components, and cleaning needed. The number of installation points depends on the distribution of the weight of the device.

During the manufacturing process, the proper installation hole drilling is achieved through the following steps:

  1. Programming CNC machines with coordinates provided by designers using CAD software.
  2. The engine drills all layers of the circuit board, making a lot of bait at different depths to reach the desired depth.
  3. After drilling, the council experiences cleaning and inspection for defects before continuing with further assembly steps.

Sensor

Sensors are important devices that detect changes and environmental conditions, allowing them to produce electrical signals that are in accordance with detected changes. This change is then sent to other PCB components. Sensors are very valuable and are used in various commercial and consumer environments, such as in factories, cars, and hospital equipment.

Sensors can turn a number of physical elements into electrical energy:

  • voice
  • Air quality
  • Light movement
  • vibration
  • acceleration
  • dynamic pressure
  • load
  • pressure
  • force

Sensors can be used for a number of things, from detecting infrared light to thermal imaging to monitoring vibrations that affect mechanical quality. Vibration can be monitored at various frequencies that cannot be distinguished by the human ear. PCB sensors and transducers are ideal in a manufacturing environment with tighter mechanical demands. These sensors can also be used to monitor and gather information throughout the wireless network, allowing monitoring of important environmental factors in real-time.

Conclusion

In short, the circuit board is a complex assembly of various components that work together to facilitate the flow of electric current and perform certain functions. From passive components such as resistors and capacitors to active components such as diodes and transistors, each section has a unique purpose on the circuit.

So, are you a professional electronic engineer or enthusiastic hobby, a strong understanding of the simple circuit board is the foundation for success in electronic design and assembly. So, continue to explore and deepen your knowledge of these components!

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